Vertical distribution of the natural and artificial radionuclides in various soil profiles to investigate soil erosion

Vertical distributions of ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb in soil profiles were examined to study their availability in soil erosion at Gökova region where there exists intensive agricultural activities on sloppy fields. Since the mobility of these radionuclides depend on soil characteristics, soil samples were analyzed also for their physical and chemical properties. From ¹³⁷Cs inventories measured, erosion rates for cultivated and disturbed (no cultivation) soils were calculated to range from 79.1 to 6.5 t^.ha^-1.y^-1 and from 79.9 to 3.5 t^.ha^-1.y^-1, respectively. The ²¹⁰Pb technique is found to be not suitable for erosion determination for this area, presumably due to the coal-fired power plants operating in the region.     

Computation of Rotation Matrices Making Lined‐Up to the Local Cartesian Coordinates

Rotation matrices were expressed in terms of Gaunt coefficients and complex spherical harmonics. The rotation matrices were calculated using two different ways. In the first, Gaunt coefficients and normalized complex spherical harmonics were directly calculated using binomial coefficients; in the second, Gaunt coefficients and complex spherical harmonics were recursively calculated. The methods were compared with respect to accuracy and computation time (CPU) for low and very high quantum numbers.     

Thermal decompositions of some divalent transition metal complexes of triethanolamine

The thermal behaviours of the Ti(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of triethanolamine were studied by means of thermogravimetry, differential thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis infrared spectrophotometry and elemental analysis. The sequence of thermal stability of the metal complexes, determined by using the initial decomposition temperature, was found to be Ti(II)?Mn(II)>Fe(II)>Ni(II)>Zn(II)>Cu(II). Some of the kinetic parameters, such as the activation energy and order of reaction for the initial decomposition reaction, were calculated and the relationship between the thermal stability and the chemical structure of the complexes is discussed.     

Preliminary Analyses of Radionuclides in Afşin-Elbistan Lignite Samples

This preliminary study describes the concentration of radionuclides ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, and ²²⁶Ra in Afin-Elbistan lignite samples which are primarily used for power generation in the Afin-Elbistan Coal-Fired Power Plant. The results show that the concentration of ²³⁸U is higher in the Afin-Elbistan lignite compared to various world coals whereas the opposite is observed with ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K.     

Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Properties of the Tetrametaphosphimates MII2(PO2NH)4 · 8 H2O with MII = Mg,Mn, Co and Zn

Mg₂(PO₂NH)₄ · 8 H₂O ( 1 ), Mn₂(PO₂NH)₄ · 8 H₂O ( 2 ), Co₂(PO₂NH)₄ · 8 H₂O ( 3 ) and Zn₂(PO₂NH)₄ · 8 H₂O ( 4 ) were obtained as microcrystalline powders by combining aqueous solutions of K₄(PO₂NH)₄ · 4 H₂O and MX₂ · y H₂O (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Zn; X = Cl, NO₃). Single crystals were obtained by crystallization in gelatine gels in U‐tubes or test‐tubes. 2 and 4 were characterized by thermogravimetry and 4 was additionally characterized by temperature dependend in situ powder diffractometry. The structures of 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 were found to be isotypic and were solved by single‐crystal X‐ray methods: P 2₁/c, Z = 2 ( 1 : a = 645.4(2), b = 1050.1(2), c = 1283.3(3) pm, β = 104.66(3)°; 2 : a = 648.7(2), b = 1063.1(2), c = 1310.8(3) pm, β = 103.93(3)°; 3 : a = 643.3(2), b = 1049.0(2), c = 1286.7(3) pm, β = 104.28(3)°; 4 : a = 644.18(5), b = 1049.22(7), c = 1282.43(8) pm, β = 104.122(6)°). The structure is composed of MO₆ octahedra and (PO₂NH)₄^4— anions. The P₄N₄ rings of the (PO₂NH)₄^4— anions exhibit a slightly distorted chair conformation, which is supported by IR data and has been described by torsion angles, Displacement Asymmetry Parameters and Puckering Parameters. Via M²⁺ ions and hydrogen bonds, the tetrametaphosphimate anions are connected forming layers perpendicular to [100]. These layers are connected by hydrogen bonds.     

Trace and major element compositions of Black Sea aerosol

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), ion chromatography (IC) and visible spectrometry (VIS) were used to determine the composition of atmospheric aerosols, collected at a rural site in the Western Black Sea Coast of Turkey. A total of 354 daily aerosol samples were analyzed for 46 trace and major elements and ions. Sample preparation, quality control procedures, instrumental operating conditions for INAA and source apportionment work is presented.     

Diterpenoid Alkaloids of Delphinium buschianum Grossh.

From the aerial parts of Delphinium buschianum Grossh ., collected in Turkey, a new diterpenoid alkaloid 1 , named budelphine, was isolated along with the known diterpenoid alkaloids karakoline ( 2 ), 18‐hydroxy‐14‐O‐methylgadesine ( 3 ), delsoline ( 4 ), lapaconidine ( 5 ), columbianine ( 6 ), 14‐benzoylneoline ( 7 ), and hetisine ( 9 ). The structure of 1 was established on the basis of ¹H‐, ¹³C‐, DEPT, ¹H,¹H‐COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC NMR studies.     

Electro-Oxidative Selective Esterification of Methylarenes and Benzaldehydes

A mild and green electro-oxidative protocol to construct aromatic esters from methylarenes and alcohols is herein reported. Importantly, the reaction is free of metals, chemical oxidants, bases, acids, and operates at room temperature. Moreover, the design of the electrolyte was found critical for the oxidation state and structure of the coupling products, a rarely documented effect. This electro-oxidative coupling process also displays exceptional tolerance of many fragile easily oxidized functional groups such as hydroxy, aldehyde, olefin, alkyne, as well as neighboring benzylic positions. The enantiomeric enrichment of some chiral alcohols is moreover preserved during this electro-oxidative coupling reaction, making it overall a promising synthetic tool.